R-C系统中由表面散射引起的视场内杂散光分布

推导了R-C系统焦平面上由主镜和次镜表面散射引起的视场内杂散光分布的近似解析表达式.针对典型R-C系统的视场内杂散光分布,由近似表达式得到的计算结果与利用商业光学仿真软件得到的模拟结果具有较好的一致性,说明了近似表达式的正确性.与焦平面上无像差衍射光分布相比较,可以方便地分析强光入射时R-C系统焦平面上不同区域的饱和机制.研究结果表明,对于典型的R-C系统,探测器表面上以几何像点为中心,半径为2.5mm的范围内,衍射光是引起探测器饱和的主要因素;在此范围外,表面散射造成探测器的饱和.该结果为进一步研究强光饱和实验,解释有关现象提供理论分析基础.     

复杂战场环境下的防空反导光学成像制导技术

光学成像制导技术是提升精确制导武器防空反导能力的核心技术之一,对提高复杂战场环境下精确制导武器的防空反导能力具有十分重要的作用。针对复杂战场环境下防空反导的需求,首先深入分析了各种复杂战场环境要素给光学成像制导武器带来的挑战,然后对未来光学成像制导技术发展趋势进行预测,最后结合我国光学成像制导技术发展现状,介绍了未来几年间需重点探索的几种新型光学成像制导技术。     

The Chinese and Asian impact on Russian nuclear policy

Asia, where nuclear powers already interact (including North Korea), exerts a growing influence on the thinking and policy underlying Russia's current and future nuclear (and overall defense) posture. China's rise is forcing Russia into a greater reliance on strategic offensive weapons and tactical nuclear weapons. These in turn will reinforce its opposition to US missile defenses, not only in Europe but also in Asia. Russia must now entertain the possibility of nuclear use in regional conflicts that would otherwise remain purely conventional. It cannot be postulated blindly that nuclear weapons serve no discernible purpose other than to deter nuclear attacks by other nuclear powers. The strategic equation in Asia and in the Russian Far East convincingly demonstrates the falsity of this approach. Nuclear weapons will be the essential component of Russia's regional defense policy if not of its overall policies – and this also includes contingencies in Europe.     

轻柴油的氧化及其与组成的关系

考察了按照不饱和烃含量不同而芳香烃含量近似、芳香烃含量不同而不饱和烃含量近似的要求配制的3个系列27个0号轻柴油油样在95℃强化氧化条件下实际胶质质量浓度的变化规律。探讨了实际胶质的变化与不饱和烃和芳香烃含量之间的关系。结果表明:在95℃强化氧化条件下,0号轻柴油的实际胶质随氧化时间呈直线变化;0号轻柴油中不饱和烃是引起实际胶质变化的主要因素,在其他组成相近时,实际胶质变化率随不饱和烃含量增加呈二次曲线关系增大;0号轻柴油中的芳香烃对实际胶质变化有一定的影响,但是规律尚不明确。     

Are non‐lethal weapons a viable military option to strengthen the hearts and minds approach in Afghanistan?

Commanders of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) have repeatedly stressed the hearts and minds approach in Afghanistan, in saying that the human terrain is decisive for a successful outcome of the mission. Avoidance of civilian casualties is considered of strategic importance, and by nature highly dependent on the management of tactical level Escalation of Force (EoF) situations. Non‐lethal weapons (NLWs) are expected to enable tactical commanders to avoid innocent civilian casualties in such situations. This article considers a selected NLW on its potential to accomplish this requirement. It uses a defence technology assessment approach to analyse EoF situations experienced by Dutch ISAF forces in which the NLW is inserted. The analysis demonstrates that a range of contextual factors in the Afghanistan high‐risk environment tend to narrow down the window of opportunity for the NLW to help defuse the risk of unintended civil casualties.     

Introduction

ABSTRACT

The new nuclear history can make a critical contribution by forcing us to reconsider or reframe the theoretical premises of the concepts we apply to our understanding of the present – and with which we try to navigate the future. It bears on fundamental questions, such as: How should the US manage its alliances? Should it establish a multilateral nuclear policy dialogue in Asia? In what depth should it discuss issues of doctrine and targeting with its Asian allies? What capabilities might reassure European allies in light of current Russian revisionism? Could nuclear war be limited and controlled in an East Asian maritime arena? Do nuclear weapons strengthen an alliance, or do they introduce a divisive bone of contention? Is extended nuclear deterrence (END) stabilizing or is it on the contrary pushing the allies to ask for more? What is the relationship between nuclear and conventional forces in END credibility? How do nuclear alliances contribute to international security and international order? The lessons and insights from these papers, which look at five historical cases of US extended deterrence during the Cold War, should help us think about crucial current issues, and be of use both to historians who want to have a better understanding of the Cold War past and to policymakers who are currently grappling with these issues.     

N元光纤光栅传感器阵列解调信号的最低可见度分析

研究了非平衡光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪解调N元光纤光栅传感器阵列时的偏振衰落问题.运用邦加球和光纤偏振光传输理论,利用简化模型,通过详细的理论分析,得到优化控制下阵列传感信号最低可见度的下限表达式,并通过计算机仿真,验证了结果的正确性,并详细分析了仿真实验的结果.     

日本遗弃化学武器紧急处置中挖掘清理技术研究

就日本遗弃化学武器紧急处置中的挖掘清理技术进行了论述。着重论述了紧急处置现场的设置、挖掘方法步骤、程序、初始位置的挖掘以及污染物的包装等技术。同时,介绍了该技术在南京黄胡子山等地日本遗弃化学武器紧急处置中的应用情况。并对挖掘方法、进度及现场管理等工作提出了探讨性建议。     

面阵CCD用于光场能量探测的研究

面阵CCD在光场能量探测领域具有较大的应用前景。讨论了影响CCD探测精度的特性参数,包括平均暗电流、光电响应非均匀性和非线性,设计了特性参数测试系统,给出的实验结果对CCD用于光能探测具有借鉴意义。     

论武器装备命名的特点

武器装备命名研究在我国是一个比较新的课题。宏观上分析武器装备命名的特点有助于确立新课题的框架,为进一步深入研究奠定基础。总体而言,武器装备命名有着政治、军事、民族、历史四个方面的特点。